Everything you need to know about 4G

Posted by Ahmed on 3:17 PM
By Priya Ganapati
June 4, 2010 -- Updated 2207 GMT (0607 HKT)
4G technology may speed up wireless connections in some cities and on some smartphones.
4G technology may speed up wireless connections in some cities and on some smartphones.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
  • 4G is the next step in wireless network technology
  • It promises to make mobile internet speeds "blazing fast," author says
  • The first 4G phone is called the Evo; it's made by HTC and runs on Sprint
  • 4G is available only in a handful of cities; but it could be everywhere in 2 years
(Wired) -- If your smartphone seems more like a slowphone, hang in there. The next generation of wireless technologies, known as 4G, promises blazing-fast data transmission speeds.
The first 4G handset, Sprint's HTC Evo, hits U.S. retail stores Friday, making this a good time to answer your questions about the fast wireless technology behind the Evo.
4G is just getting started, and even Sprint's network is only available in a handful of cities. But in just about two years, 4G could be almost everywhere. All major U.S. wireless carriers are working on upgrading their systems to 4G -- though we would prefer if some, like AT&T, got their 3G networks working properly in the meantime.
So what goodness will 4G bring to the world and should you hold your breath for it? Read on for our quick guide to all those burning questions about 4G.
What is 4G?
4G is a loose term for the fourth generation of cellular communications, offering speeds that are about 10 times faster than they are on current third-generation, or 3G, networks.
Its higher data speeds could make smartphones much more comparable to PCs, giving them better multimedia and gaming capabilities.
What are the different 4G technologies?
Just as in the 3G world, 4G technologies fork into two broad camps: LTE and WiMax.
They're not aligned with the old GSM vs CDMA split, though. This time, AT&T and Verizon are moving towards LTE, while Sprint has thrown its weight behind WiMax.
There's quite a bit of debate on whether LTE and WiMax meet all the technical requirements to be classified 4G technologies. The International Telecommunications Union suggests that WiMax, the standard that Sprint calls 4G, is actually part of the 3G family, though Sprint markets WiMax as 4G and its speeds are comparable to current LTE speeds.
WiMax has its roots in the wireless broadband access industry and is supported by IEEE, while the LTE standard has been created by a consortium of mobile companies. WiMax requires a new network to be built whereas LTE is an evolution of existing CDMA/HSPA networks.
How fast will 4G be?
The maximum theoretical data transfer with 3G technology is 2 Mbps. But in practice, you won't get more than 500 Kbps to 1.5 Mbps, depending on your carrier, the location of the cell tower, congestion, etc.
4G ups the game.
WiMax can offer peak download data speeds of up to 6 Mbps and up to 1 Mbps for uploading data. WiMax rival LTE says it can do much better. It has peak download speeds of 100 Mbps and can support uploads at the rate of up to 50 Mbps.
But remember, these are theoretical speeds conjured by lab rats. Add a million devices on the network, downloading Comedy Central clips on Flash-enabled phones, video chatting, streaming the next chapter in the Saw movie franchise and uploading parodies of the latest Lady Gaga release, and those speeds will drop.
For a better idea of what you can expect with your 4G device, take a look at what tests on the Sprint WiMax and Verizon LTE 4G networks have shown. PC World reports that the HTC EVO 4Gphone never broke the 3 Mbps mark in its tests of the phone nationwide. And Verizon's tests showed in the real world, its download speeds ranged from 5 Mbps to 12 Mbps and with upload speeds of 2 Mbps to 5 Mbps.
I want 4G now. Where can I get it?
About 36 U.S. cities including Seattle, Baltimore, Chicago and Dallas already have 4G coverage from Sprint. There are still some big names like San Francisco and New York missing from the list, but Sprint says 4G will arrive there by the end of the year. You can check out the detailed list of the cities that have 4G coverage on Sprint's site.
Do I need a new phone to take advantage of 4G?
Yes, you will need a new phone. The first 4G smartphone is the HTC Evo, a device running Google's Android operating system, which launches today. HTC Evo is a gorgeous device with a 4.3-inch touchscreen, two cameras, GPS navigation, HDMI output and mobile hot-spot capability. The phone costs $200 with a two-year contract. Sprint is also charging an extra $10 a month, in addition to its standard data plans, as a service fee to access the 4G network.
If you don't have 4G connectivity where you live, you can still use the phone with existing 3G networks.
Meanwhile, Samsung is creating a 4G phone for MetroPCS. The excitingly named phone SCH-r900 will have a 624-MHz processor, 128 MB of RAM, a 3.2-inch display, and Windows Mobile 6.1 operating system.
There's been an iPhone 3G, iPhone 3G S. So is an iPhone 4G next?
Sure, Apple can add the 4G tag to its next iPhone if it wants to, and "iPhone 4G" is how the company has referred to its next-generation smartphone in legal documents. But we doubt that it will have 4G network connectivity -- unless Apple's creating a phone exclusive to Sprint.
What are the 4G plans of the major U.S. carriers?
AT&T: The carrier plans to start trials of its 4G network later this year. AT&T will make the most of its LTE deployments in 2011. But even that may not be enough to free us from the tyranny of capped data consumption and gaping holes in its coverage.
Verizon: In 2009, Verizon tested its 4G wireless service in Boston and Seattle. Verizon said it plans to start offering the service commercially this year in about 30 cities so it can cover about 100 million users. By 2013, Verizon hopes to have the 4G service available nationwide.
Sprint: Sprint is leading the 4G charge with the network already available in at least 36 cities. By the end of the year, most major cities will be covered by Sprint's 4G network.
T-Mobile: T-Mobile is in no hurry to get to 4G. Maybe because it first needs to get its 3G network in order. The wireless carrier is still talking about upgrading its 3G network to 3.5 G or HSPA+. HSPA+ will come to Los Angeles and other major cities in the United States this year, says T-Mobile. 4G is clearly a long way away.
MetroPCS: The first LTE 4G phone could come from MetroPCS, which is working with Samsung on the device. MetroPCS plans to start its 4G service later this year in cities such as Las Vegas.
Give me some background: What's the history here and how did we get to 4G?
Cellular systems have evolved in four major phases or generations. The first generation, or 1G, technology was analog and transmitted voice calls only.
The second generation, or 2G, introduced digital transmissions and offered the first support for data, although the focus was still on voice calling. Second-generation phones are based on one of two standards: GSM (used by T-Mobile, AT&T, and most overseas carriers) and CDMA (used by Verizon and Sprint). In either case, average data speed on a 2G network is around 9.6 Kbps, about the same as a '90s-era modems.
The intermediate "2.5G" level is where things get a little fuzzy. In the GSM camp, a standard called GPRS, which offered better data transmission capabilities, came to be known as 2.5G. GPRS has evolved into the EDGE networks (up to 400-kbps data speeds) still used by many phones today. As for the CDMA universe, 2.5G is referred to as 1XRTT, or just 1X. In the real world, it is known as EVDO and promises download speeds ranging from 600 kbps to 1.4 Mbps.
There's been some debate on what constitutes 3G. Broadly speaking, 3G is defined not by the underlying technology, but by its speed: up to 2 Mbps. Verizon and Sprint's 3G systems are referred to as EVDO, while AT&T and T-Mobile use HSDPA. A further level, known as HSDPA+ or Turbo 3G, can support download speeds of up to 14 Mbps.
The next step is 4G.
I want all the details, the nitty-gritty behind the two 4G standards. How do they differ?
LTE or Long Term Evolution, is a standard evolved by a group called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project. It is an all-IP network based upon the same core protocol of the internet, TCP/IP.
Both LTE and WiMax use the principle of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access, which conceptually has been around since the 1960s. OFDMA is based on the idea of frequency-division multiplexing, which is a method to transmit multiple data streams over a channel. In case of OFDMA, a digital data stream that needs to be transmitted is split into multiple pieces, each of which is modulated onto a separate carrier. These sub-carriers are combined together at the end.
The difference between LTE and WiMax lies in how they handle the channel for processing data. WiMax processes all the information in a wide channel. In case of Clearwire's implementation of WiMax, that means the about two-thirds of the channel is used for downloads, while a third is used to upload data.
LTE splits the channel into two parts using frequency-division multiplexing, so the download and upload speeds are better balanced.
Just say it. Is WiMax better or LTE?
Peanut butter or chocolate? Lost or The Wire? Havaianas or Birkenstocks? There's no easy answer. It depends on where you are and what you can get access to.
If you want 4G now, WiMax is pretty much your only choice. It's also an open standard supported by IEEE. And it is less expensive for service providers to upgrade their equipment to than LTE.
But LTE is coming and almost all the major U.S. carriers, except Sprint, will be supporting it. So ultimately, LTE might win in the long run.

As strong rivals emerge, do you really need a new iPhone?

Posted by Ahmed on 3:13 PM
By John D. Sutter, CNN
June 4, 2010 -- Updated 1444 GMT (2244 HKT)
A new Apple iPhone is expected to be announced Monday, but it's 
far from the only app-laden phone on the market.
A new Apple iPhone is expected to be announced Monday, but it's far from the only app-laden phone on the market.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
  • Apple is expected to unveil a new iPhone on Monday
  • But experts say the iPhone is not the only dominant smartphone
  • Consumers should look at the options before rushing to buy a new phone
  • Consider apps, technical details, operating systems and network plans
RELATED TOPICS
(CNN) -- For months, the tech press has been drooling over details of a next-generation Apple iPhone, which likely will be unveiled on Monday at an event in California.
The phone is expected to be fitted with a higher-resolution screen, a front-facing camera that can be used for video conferencing and a camera flash.
But even with those new features, the iPhone is far from the undisputed crown jewel of the smartphone market, industry experts said in interviews on Thursday.
"They've lost their lead, and I don't think this is going to vault them ahead of the pack again," said Kevin Tofel, a blogger in the GigaOm network.
A growing number of competitors are giving the touch-screen, app-driven phone a run for its money. And they're doing so not only with iPhone-like technical features, but with increasingly robust app stores and a variety of mobile phone contracts.
All of this makes choosing the right consumer-oriented smartphone incredibly confusing.
Before you jump to buy the new iPhone, check out the market to see what works best for you. Here are a few tips for your search:
Look at the carrier
Tofel, who covers mobile technology, said it's smartest for consumers first to look at wireless network carriers -- such as AT&T, Verizon, Sprint and T-Mobile in the U.S. -- and then choose a phone from within the network.
"Don't become totally enamored by the phone," he said. "Make sure you pick your carrier first. If you buy a phone that drops calls all the time ... or you're going with a phone that really doesn't have great coverage where you live and work, basically you've just bought an expensive brick.
"The phone isn't really anything without the connections."
Apple's iPhone is available, for now, only through AT&T, which has the worst customer ratings in many major cities, according to Consumer Reports.
That's a big advantage for phones that run on Google's Android operating system, such as the Nexus One, Motorola Droid and HTC Droid Incredible, said Ramon Llamas, a senior research analyst at the firm IDC, since those phones work on other networks.
"A lot of people really like the [iPhone] device, they just don't want to go to AT&T. So one of the advantages of looking at the Android platform is -- guess what? -- it's at Sprint, it's at T-Mobile and it's at Verizon wireless," he said.
Experts said potential phone buyers should ask friends and neighbors about how their cellular coverage fares near their homes and offices.
Hurry up and wait
Last year, when Apple introduced the iPhone 3GS, the price of the previous iPhone model, the 3G, dropped from $199 to $99.
Combine that with the fact that smartphone prices, in general, are coming down over time, and there's quite a bit of financial incentive for consumers to wait before purchasing a new phone, said Ross Rubin, executive director of industry analysis at the NPD Group, a research firm.
"Prices for the devices themselves continue to come down on average and given the AT&T announcement yesterday [that it will end unlimited data plans], we're starting to see a little progress on making the data plans for smartphones and high-end feature phones more affordable, which should also help spur growth," he said.
Geek out on the OS
You may not use the term "OS" in daily life, but it's important to know about mobile "operating systems" if you're in the market for a smartphone.
The two main competitors these days -- at least in terms of the touch-screen, consumer-oriented smartphones -- are from Apple and Google, which puts out an operating system called Android.
In the same way that Windows manages the way you interact with information on a personal computer, mobile operating systems control the look and feel of a phone.
"It comes down to the experience. If you take away the experience, you just have a multihundred-dollar device filled with plastic, glass and metal," Llamas said.
Apple is known for its sleek, simple-to-use OS.
"iPhone ... has really set the standard for what a smartphone experience is for consumers," Llamas said. "One of the great things about Apple is that part of its DNA is to make the entire process incredibly simple. Forget the manual; you take it out of the box, and you'll figure it out in no time."
Android leads the pack in some ways, however. Apple has said it will allow its phones to run more than one application at once starting this summer. The Android platform has allowed that functionality for some time.
"The software is really the differentiator," said Tofel.
Is there an app for that?
If you've figured out the OS, the next things to think about are apps. Each mobile operating system has its own app store, where you can purchase apps -- or "applications" -- that will run on the phone.
Think games, social networks, maps and other fun tools.
Apple still has the biggest app store, with more than 200,000 apps. Google's Android Market is known for being more open than Apple -- meaning it doesn't have to approve apps before they go on sale -- but it only has about 50,000 on sale now, according to CNNMoney.
Michael Gikas, senior editor for electronics and technology at Consumer Reports, said Apple's App Store provides consumers with a bigger reason to get the iPhone than the hardware of the phone itself.
"There's no better source for all the things people love about smartphones than Apple's iTunes and App Store," he said. "They're the giant."
'Screen' the competition
Screens are becoming a bigger deal to consumers who are looking for new smartphones, the experts said. The standing logic is this: When you use your phone to watch YouTube videos and movies, bigger is better.
"People want a lot of screen real-estate," Llamas said.
So far, Apple has not been the leader in screen technology, according to experts, although there are rumors that Apple may update the iPhone's screen on Monday. The iPhone screen currently is 3.5 inches, measured diagonally, and that's not as big as some of its current and upcoming Android competitors.
The HTC Evo, for example, which comes out on Friday, has a 4.3-inch screen.
Gikas said several Android phones are technically superior to the iPhone, but cautioned that consumers should consider the whole smartphone system.
"The Android phones are really kicking butt," he said. "The phones are really good. They're very close or may even surpass this generation of iPhone in terms of performance. They have large screens. They have fast processors."
Rubin of the NPD group said future smartphones screens will continue to get bigger -- as big as possible so that they'll still fit in a pant pocket -- and may add 3-D capability in coming years.

Consumer Reports: AT&T's new iPhone data plan won't cost you more

Posted by Ahmed on 3:11 PM
By John D. Sutter, CNN
June 4, 2010 -- Updated 1609 GMT (0009 HKT)
AT&T will eliminate its "unlimited" data plan on 
Monday, but that may not be bad for most consumers.
AT&T will eliminate its "unlimited" data plan on Monday, but that may not be bad for most consumers.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
  • AT&T eliminates "unlimited" data plans on its network
  • That may be bad news for heavy data consumers
  • But Consumer Reports says most people will be unaffected or will save money
  • However, that may change as smartphones continue to gobble more data
RELATED TOPICS
(CNN) -- When AT&T announced this week that it would end its unlimited, all-you-can-download data plan for the iPhone and iPad, the refrain from the tech world went something like this:
"OMG! More monthly charges!?!?!"
The Wall Street Journal says the change may drive some customers away from the iPhone and to smartphones on other networks. Writing for Computer World, Matt Hamblen says AT&T "could be compared to a warlord arriving in a savage land and laying down basic rules for sharing a limited, vital resource -- something as basic as water or available hunting grounds."
It's true that people who spend tons of time uploading and downloading photos and videos from their mobile devices may have to pay more under the change.
But, according to a survey from Consumer Reports, the majority of iPhone users will either pay the same amount or actually save money under this new AT&T data regime.
Right now, AT&T charges subscribers $30 per month for unlimited data -- meaning the person who uploads 100 videos to YouTube per month pays the same as the person who only checks e-mail every now and then. Starting on Monday, however, new AT&T customers have to choose between two new data plans, neither of which has the "unlimited" data option.
The lighter-weight of the new plans gives mobile users 200 megabytes of data per month for $15. The "DataPro" plan gives people 2 gigabytes of data -- about 10 times more -- for $25 per month. Under both plans, AT&T charges customers extra if they go over their limits. See the full plan descriptions for more details.
Consumer Reports says most AT&T smartphone customers don't use that much data -- so, in theory, they would save money on this change.
The nonprofit group's electronics blog explains:
"The average iPhone user consumes 273 MB of data per month, according to the unique data on iPhone usage reported a few months ago by colleague Jeff Blyskal. More than half of owners use less than 200 MB per month, that data reveals," the blog post says. "The new $15 iPhone plan provides 200 MB per month, and so would cut data costs in half for the majority of iPhone owners."
In an interview with CNN, Mike Gikas, Consumer Reports' senior editor for electronics and technology, said these benefits may not last forever.
The trend is for people to use more and more data. As phones add higher-resolution cameras and as video on the mobile web becomes higher quality, data may get expensive under these caps, he said.
"With every generation of smartphones, the data usage goes up," he said.
Apple is expected to announce a new version of the iPhone on Monday, and it's been rumored the new iPhone will have a higher-resolution camera.
One key to this new data system is understanding how much data you use. AT&T has posted a data calculator to help consumers with this. Or to see how much data you actually use on your iPhone, go into "Settings," click on "General," and then select "Usage" from the menu. At the bottom of the page, you'll see how much data you have sent and received since you last reset the stats.
You could reset everything and wait a month to see what your monthly data usage might look like. AT&T says 98 percent of its smartphone customers use less than 2GB of data per month, on average.
People who already have unlimited data plans on AT&T don't have to worry about any of this, because their current contracts will stay valid, AT&T says. But they can opt to switch to one of the cheaper, data-limited plans without having to sign a contract extension, the company says.
So what do you think? Is this a good deal or not? Let us know in the comments, or hit us up on our Twitter feed -- @cnntech

Twitter testing 'You Both Follow' feature

Posted by Ahmed on 3:10 PM
By Doug Gross, CNN
June 3, 2010 -- Updated 1926 GMT (0326 HKT)
Twitter's "You Both Follow" feature would serve a 
purpose similar to Facebook's friend suggestions.
Twitter's "You Both Follow" feature would serve a purpose similar to Facebook's friend suggestions.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
  • Twitter's "You Both Follow" would help users find others with similar interests
  • Feature is currently being tested on about 10 percent of Twitter users, developer said
  • Move would be part of a Twitter effort to make the site more interactive
RELATED TOPICS
(CNN) -- Twitter is testing out a new feature that would help users find others who share their interests.
"You Both Follow" would let a user click on someone else's profile and see which Twitter feeds the two of them have in common.
Presumably, someone who follows lots of the same feeds you do has similar interests and may be worth a follow themselves.
News about the possible new feature snuck out last night when Twitter developer Nick Kallen tweeted on his account that it was being tested. He said that 10 percent of Twitter users have the feature enabled.
In a later post, Kallen, answering a question, said that 100 percent of users had the feature for about five minutes for testing purposes.
CNN.com didn't immediately find anyone inhouse who had the feature Thursday morning. But social-media blog Mashable posted some screen grabs.
The feature would appear as a thin rail above a user's normal "following" field.
Adding the feature would mark a bit of a turnabout in Twitter's catch-me-if-you-can relationship with social networking titan Facebook.
While Facebook was accused of mimicking Twitter when it rolled out its News Feed feature, adding "You Both Follow" could be interpreted as Twitter serving up its own version of Facebook's friend suggestions.
The change would be part of an ongoing effort by Twitter to further engage users with each other, instead of just passively reading other people's tweets. Most notably, CEO Evan Williams in March announced plans for @anywhere, a feature that integrates Twitter with other websites and lets users comment on each other's activities without having to visit Twitter.
On Thursday, Twitter rolled out version 1.1. of @anywhere for the websites that are testing it, with what it called "performance, security and stability" improvements.
There was no suggestion of a possible rollout date for "You Both Follow" -- if it eventually gets rolled out at all.

Protect Your PCs Against Adobe Security Flaws

Posted by Ahmed on 1:01 PM
Adobe has been very successful at establishing its products as cross-platform, operating system agnostic tools for delivering content. Unfortunately, those same attributes are also attractive reasons toattack Adobe products, and Adobe has been a little less successful at ensuring those products are secure. IT administrators need to exercise increased diligence to protect against Adobe software flaws and malicious PDF files.
One of the reasons cited by Steve Jobs in defending Apple's decision not to support--or even allow--Adobe Flash on the iPhone or iPad is security concerns. Adobe Flash and Adobe Reader are virtually ubiquitous regardless of platform, which has made Adobe the low-hanging fruit with a bullseye on its back. Security vendors have already warned that Adobe is a weak link in the security chain.
Earlier this year attackers exploited a flaw in Adobe Reader with malicious PDFs playing on the upcoming FIFA World Cup 2010 soccer event this summer. The messages were spoofed to appear as if they originated from a legitimate African tourist organization, and contained mostly legitimate details and information along with a PDF attachment which took advantage of the Adobe Reader flaw to install malicious software on vulnerable systems.
Now, a new Adobe security flaw is being exploited. According to the Adobe Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) blog, "This vulnerability could cause a crash and potentially allow an attacker to take control of the affected system. There are reports that this vulnerability is being actively exploited in the wild against both Adobe Flash Player, and Adobe Reader and Acrobat."
While Adobe flaws could be used as the foundation of mass malware or phishing attacks, they also make particularly potent weapons in targeted attacks. Crafting a malicious PDF--especially if it's a legitimate PDFfile that is modified to include malicious content--and sending it to limited targets of specific value can enable the attack to fly under the radar of security vendors and yield a much higher degree of success than the traditional "carpet-bombing" approach.
IT administrators need to take proactive steps to protect against these attacks. Of course, the traditional best practices still apply--keep antimalware software enabled and updated, and use a personal firewall to protect endpoint systems. However, because the malware industry is based on a reactionary, signature-based model, those measures can only go so far in protecting against zero-day or emerging threats.
Implementing alternative applications for reading PDF files can help. Nuance and Foxit both offer free PDF-reader applications that can be used in place of Adobe Reader. Nuance specifies that JavaScript--a common vector for running malicious code in PDFs--can be turned off by default in its PDF reader application for improved security. Foxit Reader enables users to allow or deny URL connections, and JavaScript functions.
Unfortunately, the options are more limited when it comes to protecting against vulnerabilities in the Adobe Flash Player. As evidenced by the ongoing culture war between Apple and Adobe, much of the Web relies on Flash for content delivery, and unlike Adobe Reader there aren't really any alternatives for viewing or working with that content.
Long term, one solution is to wean off of Flash and transition to HTML5. HTML5 is a more open, standards-based approach to delivering essentially the same sort of video and interactive content currently provided via Flash. If you're interested, Apple created a site dedicated to showcasing the capabilities of HTML5--however, it can only be viewed with Apple's Safari Web browser.
Adobe is a victim of its own success. It is a testament to how much we rely on Adobe products that attackers have targeted them so aggressively. IT administrators need to be aware of the security issues related to Adobe software and either put security controls in place to protect against them, or find suitable alternatives t that are more secure.